سلسلة "الخلافة والإمامة في الفكر الإسلامي"  للكاتب والمفكر ثائر سلامة – أبو مالك
سلسلة "الخلافة والإمامة في الفكر الإسلامي"  للكاتب والمفكر ثائر سلامة – أبو مالك

ج- وقال أبو الحسن الأشعري: أثنى الله -عز وجل- على المهاجرين والأنصار والسابقين إلى الإسلام، ونطق القرآن بمدح المهاجرين والأنصار في مواضع كثيرة وأثنى على أهل بيعة الرضوان فقال عز وجل: ﴿لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ﴾ [سورة الفتح: 18]. قد أجمع هؤلاء الذين أثنى الله عليهم ومدحهم على إمامة أبي بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه وسمّوه خليفة رسول الله وبايعوه وانقادوا له وأقروا له بالفضل وكان أفضل الجماعة في جميع الخصال التي يستحق بها الإمامة من العلم والزهد وقوة الرأي وسياسة الأمة وغير ذلك([1]).

0:00 0:00
Speed:
April 21, 2022

سلسلة "الخلافة والإمامة في الفكر الإسلامي" للكاتب والمفكر ثائر سلامة – أبو مالك

سلسلة "الخلافة والإمامة في الفكر الإسلامي"

للكاتب والمفكر ثائر سلامة – أبو مالك

الحلقة الثانية والأربعون: إجماع الصحابة على وجوب إقامة الخلافة ونصب خليفة! – ج2

للرجوع لصفحة الفهرس اضغط هنا

ج- وقال أبو الحسن الأشعري: أثنى الله -عز وجل- على المهاجرين والأنصار والسابقين إلى الإسلام، ونطق القرآن بمدح المهاجرين والأنصار في مواضع كثيرة وأثنى على أهل بيعة الرضوان فقال عز وجل: ﴿لَقَدْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِذْ يُبَايِعُونَكَ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ﴾ [سورة الفتح: 18]. قد أجمع هؤلاء الذين أثنى الله عليهم ومدحهم على إمامة أبي بكر الصديق رضي الله عنه وسمّوه خليفة رسول الله وبايعوه وانقادوا له وأقروا له بالفضل وكان أفضل الجماعة في جميع الخصال التي يستحق بها الإمامة من العلم والزهد وقوة الرأي وسياسة الأمة وغير ذلك([1]).

دـ- وقال عبد الملك الجويني: أما إمامة أبي بكر رضي الله عنه فقد ثبتت بإجماع الصحابة فإنهم أطبقوا على بذل الطاعة والانقياد لحكمه... وما تخرص به الروافض من إبداء علي شراساً[2]، وشماساً[3] في عقد البيعة له كذب صريح، نعم لم يكن رضي الله عنه في السقيفة وكان مستخلياً بنفسه قد استفزه الحزن على رسول الله ﷺ ثم دخل فيما دخل الناس فيه وبايع أبا بكر على ملأ من الأشهاد[4].

هـ - وقال أبو بكر الباقلاني في معرض ذكره للإجماع على خلافة الصديق رضي الله عنه: وكان رضي الله عنه مفروض الطاعة لإجماع المسلمين على طاعته وإمامته وانقيادهم له حتى قال أمير المؤمنين علي كرم الله وجهه مجيبا لقوله رضي الله عنه لما قال: أقيلوني فلست بخيركم، فقال: لا نقيلك ولا نستقيلك قدمك رسول الله ﷺ لديننا ألا نرضاك لدنيانا يعني بذلك حين قدمه للإمامة في الصلاة مع حضوره وإستنابته في إمارة الحج فأمَّرَكَ علينا وكان رضي الله عنه أفضل الأمة وأرجحهم إيماناً وأكملهم فهماً وأوفرهم علماً[5][6].

و – قال الشهرستاني: (واصفا حال الصحابة حين اقتربت وفاة أبي بكر رضي الله، واختياره لعمر رضي الله عنه) "وما دار في قلبه (أي أبي بكر) ولا في قلب أحد أن يجوز خلو الأرض عن إمام، فدل ذلك كله على أن الصحابة، وهم الصدر الأول كانوا على بكرة أبيهم متفقين على أنه لا بد من إمام، فذلك الإجماع على هذا الوجه، دليل قاطع على وجوب الإمامة"[7]

ز– قال الإيجي في المواقف في علم الكلام: وأما وجوبه علينا سمعا فلوجهين: الأول: أنه تواتر إجماع المسلمين في الصدر الأول من وفاة النبي ﷺ على امتناع خلو الوقت عن إمام، حتى قال أبو بكر رضي الله عنه في خطبته: ألا إن محمدا قد مات، ولا بد لهذا الدين ممن يقوم به، فبادر الكل إلى قبوله، وتركوا له أهم الأشياء، وهو دفن رسول الله ﷺ، ولم يزل الناس على ذلك في كل عصر إلى زماننا هذا من نصب إمام متبع في كل عصر، فإن قيل: لا بد للإجماع من مستند ولو كان لَنُقِلَ، لِتَوفُّرِ الدَّوَاعِي، قلنا: استغني عن نقله بالإجماع أو كان من قبيل ما لا يمكن نقله من قرائن الأحوال[8] التي لا يمكن معرفتها إلا بالمشاهدة والعيان لمن كان في زمن النبي ﷺ.

الثاني: أن فيه دفع ضرر مظنون وأنه واجب إجماعا.

بيانه: أنا نعلم علما يقارب الضرورة أن مقصود الشارع فيما شرع من المعاملات والمناكحات والجهاد والحدود والمقاصات وإظهار شعار الشرع في الأعياد والجمعات إنما هو مصالح عائدة إلى الخلق معاشا ومعادا، وذلك لا يتم إلا بإمام من قبل الشارع يرجعون إليه فيما يَعِنُّ لهم، فإنهم –مع اختلاف الأهواء وتشتت الآراء، وما بينهم من الشحناء – قلما ينقاد بعضهم لبعض فيفضي ذلك إلى التنازع والتواثب، وربما أدى إلى هلاكهم جميعا.[9]

ح - وقال الماوردي (في الأحكام السلطانية): "وعقدها لمن يقوم بها واجب بالإجماع[10] وإن شذ عنهم الأصم".

ط - قال النووي 12/205 شرح صحيح مسلم: "أجمعوا على أنه يجب على المسلمين نصب خليفة"


[1] الإبانة عن أصول الديانة، ص66.

[2] الشراس: شدة المعاملة. مختار الصحاح، ص346.

[3] وشماساً: أي صعب الخلق. لسان العرب (6/111).

[4] كتاب الإرشاد، ص361.

[5] الإنصاف فيما يجب اعتقاده ولا يجوز الجهل به، ص65.

وتجدر الإشارة إليه أن الذي ذكرت فيه النصوص التي فيها الإشارة إلى خلافة الصديق من الآيات القرآنية والأحاديث النبوية وذكر الإجماع اختصرتها من كتاب عقيدة  أهل السنّة والجماعة في الصحابة الكرام للدكتور ناصر بن عائض حسن الشيخ.

[6]  علي الصلابي: الخليفة الأول: أبو بكر الصديق: شخصيته وعصره ص 119

[7] النظريات السياسية الإسلامية للدكتور ضياء الدين الريس ص 133، نقلا عن نهاية الإقدام للشهرستاني ص 480.

[8] وكما أسلفنا: لم يحتج للنقل لبداهة المسألة في ذلك الزمن، وضربنا مثالا بالحديث في الهاتف النقال اليوم حيث يعتبر شرح ذلك من التكلف، بينما لو كان قبل مائة عام لاحتيج للشرح!

[9]  الإيجي في المواقف في علم الكلام: المرصد الرابع في الإمامة ومباحثها ص 396

[10] يعني إجماع الأمة عصرا بعد عصر، لأن الأصم لم يكن في عصر الصحابة، وكان الأصم عن الشريعة أصما كما وصفه القرطبي!

More from null

Reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche" - Episode Fifteen

Reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche"

Prepared by Professor Muhammad Ahmad Al-Nadi

Episode Fifteen

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Imam of the pious, the Master of the Messengers, sent as a mercy to the worlds, our master Muhammad and all his family and companions. Make us with them, and gather us in their company, by your mercy, O Most Merciful of the merciful.

Dear listeners, listeners of the Media Office Radio of Hizb ut-Tahrir:

Peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. In this episode, we continue our reflections on the book: "Elements of the Islamic Psyche." In order to build the Islamic personality, with attention to the Islamic mentality and the Islamic psyche, we say, with God's help: 

O Muslims:

We said in the last episode: It is also Sunnah for a Muslim to supplicate for his brother behind his back, just as it is Sunnah for him to ask his brother to supplicate for him. It is Sunnah for him to visit him, sit with him, keep in touch with him, and share with him for the sake of God after loving him. It is recommended for a Muslim to meet his brother with what he likes to please him with that. We add in this episode and say: It is recommended for a Muslim to give gifts to his brother, according to the hadith of Abu Hurairah, which was reported by Bukhari in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, Abu Ya'la in his Musnad, Al-Nasa'i in Al-Kuna, and Ibn Abd Al-Barr in Al-Tamhid. Al-Iraqi said: The chain of narrators is good, and Ibn Hajar said in Al-Talkhis Al-Habir: Its chain of narrators is good, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Exchange gifts, you will love one another." 

It is also recommended for him to accept his gift and reward him for it, according to the hadith of Aisha in Bukhari, who said: "The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, used to accept gifts and reward for them."

And the hadith of Ibn Umar in Ahmad, Abu Dawood, and Al-Nasa'i, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever seeks refuge in God, grant him refuge, and whoever asks you in the name of God, give him, and whoever seeks protection in God, protect him, and whoever does you a favor, reward him, and if you do not find anything, then supplicate for him until you know that you have rewarded him."

This is between brothers, and it has nothing to do with the gifts of the subjects to the rulers, as they are like bribery, which is forbidden. And one of the rewards is to say: May God reward you with good. 

Al-Tirmidhi narrated from Usama bin Zaid, may God be pleased with them both, and said it is good and authentic, he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever has a favor done to him and says to the one who did it: "May God reward you with good," then he has exaggerated in the praise." And praise is gratitude, i.e., reward, especially from someone who finds nothing else, as Ibn Hibban narrated in his Sahih from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said: I heard the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever is given a favor and does not find anything better than praise for it, then he has thanked him, and whoever conceals it has disbelieved, and whoever adorns himself with falsehood is like one who wears two garments of falsehood." And with a good chain of narrators, Al-Tirmidhi narrated from Jabir bin Abdullah, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever is given a gift and finds something to repay it with, let him repay it, and if he does not find anything, let him praise it, for whoever praises it has thanked him, and whoever conceals it has disbelieved, and whoever adorns himself with what he has not been given is like one who wears two garments of falsehood." And disbelieving in the gift means concealing and covering it up. 

With an authentic chain of narrators, Abu Dawood and Al-Nasa'i narrated from Anas, who said: "The Muhajirun said, "O Messenger of God, the Ansar have taken all the reward, we have not seen a people who are better at giving a lot, nor better at consoling in a little than them, and they have spared us the burden," he said: "Do you not praise them for it and supplicate for them?" They said: "Yes," he said: "That is for that." 

A Muslim should be grateful for the little as he is grateful for the much, and be grateful to the people who do him good, as Abdullah bin Ahmad narrated in his additions with a good chain of narrators from Al-Nu'man bin Bashir, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever is not grateful for the little, is not grateful for the much, and whoever is not grateful to the people, is not grateful to God, and talking about God's blessings is gratitude, and leaving it is disbelief, and the group is mercy, and division is torment."

It is Sunnah to intercede for one's brother for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty, as Al-Bukhari narrated from Abu Musa, who said: "The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, was sitting when a man came asking, or seeking a need, he turned his face to us and said, "Intercede, so that you may be rewarded, and God will decree on the tongue of His Prophet what He wills."

And as Muslim narrated from Ibn Umar from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said: "Whoever is a connection for his Muslim brother to a person of authority for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty, will be helped to cross the Path on the day when feet slip."

It is also recommended for a Muslim to defend the honor of his brother behind his back, as Al-Tirmidhi narrated and said this is a good hadith from Abu Al-Darda' from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, who said: "Whoever defends the honor of his brother, God will ward off the fire from his face on the Day of Resurrection." This hadith of Abu Al-Darda' was narrated by Ahmad, and he said its chain of narrators is good, and Al-Haythami said the same. 

And what Ishaq bin Rahwayh narrated from Asma bint Yazid, who said: I heard the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: "Whoever defends the honor of his brother behind his back, it is a right upon God to free him from the Fire." 

Al-Quda'i narrated in Musnad al-Shihab from Anas, who said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever supports his brother behind his back, God will support him in this world and the hereafter." Al-Quda'i also narrated it from Imran bin Hussein with the addition: "And he is able to support him." And as Abu Dawood and Al-Bukhari narrated in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad, and Al-Zain Al-Iraqi said: Its chain of narrators is good from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "The believer is the mirror of the believer, and the believer is the brother of the believer, from wherever he meets him, he protects him from his loss and surrounds him from behind."

O Muslims:

You have learned from the noble Prophetic hadiths mentioned in this episode and the previous episode that it is Sunnah for whoever loves a brother for the sake of God to inform him and let him know that he loves him. It is also Sunnah for a Muslim to supplicate for his brother behind his back. It is also Sunnah for him to ask his brother to supplicate for him. It is Sunnah for him to visit him, sit with him, keep in touch with him, and share with him for the sake of God after loving him. It is recommended for a Muslim to meet his brother with what he likes to please him with that. It is recommended for a Muslim to give gifts to his brother. It is also recommended for him to accept his gift and reward him for it.

A Muslim should be grateful to the people who do him good. It is Sunnah to intercede for one's brother for a benefit of righteousness or to facilitate a difficulty. It is also recommended for him to defend the honor of his brother behind his back. So why don't we adhere to these Sharia rulings and all the rulings of Islam, so that we may be as our Lord loves and is pleased with, so that He may change what is within us, improve our conditions, and we may win the best of this world and the hereafter?! 

Dear listeners: Listeners of the Media Office Radio of Hizb ut-Tahrir: 

We will suffice with this amount in this episode, with the understanding that we will complete our reflections in the coming episodes, God willing. Until that time and until we meet you, we leave you in God's care, protection, and security. We thank you for your kind listening, and peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you. 

Know, O Muslims! - Episode 15
November 14, 2025

Know, O Muslims! - Episode 15

Know, O Muslims!

Episode 15

Among the assisting bodies of the Khilafah state are the ministers whom the Caliph appoints to assist him in bearing the burdens of the Khilafah and fulfilling its responsibilities. The multitude of the Khilafah's burdens, especially as the Khilafah state grows and expands, makes it difficult for the Caliph to bear them alone, so he needs someone to help him bear them to fulfill its responsibilities. However, it is not correct to call them ministers without restriction, so that the meaning of the minister in Islam, which is in the sense of an assistant, is not confused with the meaning of the minister in the current man-made systems based on democratic, capitalist, secular, or other systems that we witness in the present era.